Some reasonable measures should be taken to rationalize the operations of loading, unloading, and handling

To prevent and eliminate ineffective operations

The so-called invalid operations refer to the operations that exceed the necessary loading, unloading, and handling capacity in the handling operations. It is obvious that preventing and eliminating ineffective operations plays an important role in the economic benefits of loading and unloading operations. In order to effectively prevent and eliminate ineffective operations, the following aspects can be employed:

1. Minimize loading and unloading times

To minimize the loading and unloading times, avoid loading and unloading operations without logistics effect.

2. Improve the purity of the materials being loaded and unloaded

The purity of material refers to the amount of material containing water and impurities which is irrelevant to the material itself. The higher the purity of materials, the higher the efficiency of loading and unloading operations. Conversely, the number of invalid jobs increases.

3. Appropriate packaging

Packaging is an indispensable auxiliary means of operation in logistics. The light, simple and practical packaging will reduce the ineffective labor on packaging to different degrees.

4. Shorten the distance of carrying operation

In loading, unloading, and handling of materials, it is necessary to achieve horizontal and vertical displacement and select the shortest route to complete this activity, so as to avoid the ineffective labor beyond the shortest route.

Improve the flexibility of handling and handling

The flexibility of loading, unloading, and handling refers to the degree of difficulty in loading and unloading materials. Therefore, when stacking goods, the convenience of material handling should be taken into account in advance.

The flexibility of loading, unloading, and handling can be divided into different levels according to the status of materials, i.e. the difficulty of loading, unloading, and handling.

Level 0 - the state in which materials are jumbled on the ground.

Level 1 - the state of the material after packing or bundling.

Level 2 - the condition of a box or tied up material with sleepers or other liners underneath for easy forklift or other mechanical operations.

Level 3 - the material is placed on a trolley or hooked with a crane hook and moved immediately.

Level 4 -- loading, unloading, and handling of materials have been started and directly operated.

Theoretically, the higher the activity index, the better, but the possibility of implementation must also be considered.

Besides the above index analysis method, the activity analysis chart method can be used for the activity analysis of loading, unloading, and handling. The analysis chart method is to show the activity level of loading, unloading, and handling in a certain logistics process through the diagram, and it has clear intuitive performance, so that people can see clearly and weak links can be easily found and improved. The activity analysis chart method is usually conducted in three steps:

The first step is to draw the loading, unloading, and handling drawings.

The second step is to make the change chart of material activity index according to the order of carrying operation and calculate the activity index.

The third step is to analyze and improve the defects of loading, unloading, and handling operations, make improved design drawings, and calculate the activity index after improvement.

Reasonable organization of loading, unloading, and handling equipment to improve the mechanization level of loading, unloading, and handling operations

The application organization of material handling and handling equipment is a technical organization activity that aims to complete loading and unloading tasks and centers on improving the productivity, quality and cost of handling and handling equipment. It includes the following:

1. Determine loading and unloading tasks. The annual, quarterly, monthly, ten-day and daily average load and unload tasks are determined according to logistics plan, economic contract, unbalanced degree of loading and unloading operations, loading and unloading times, etc. There are predetermined factors and the possibility of temporary change of loading and unloading tasks. Therefore, in order to properly use the loading and unloading equipment, the gap between the planned workload and the actual loading and unloading operation must be reduced to the minimum level. At the same time, the organization of loading and unloading operations should also make detailed planning on the type, quantity, specification, quality index and carrying distance of the material object during loading and unloading operations.

2. To determine the number and technical characteristics of the loading, unloading, and handling equipment according to the loading and unloading tasks and the productivity of the loading and unloading equipment.

3. Work out the loading and unloading schedule according to the loading and unloading tasks, the productivity of loading and unloading equipment and the number of required machines. It usually includes: loading and unloading equipment operation schedule, operation sequence, loading and other details.

4. Assign loading, unloading, and handling schedule, and arrange labor and work shifts.

5. Statistic and analyze the results of loading and unloading operations, and evaluate the economic benefits of loading, unloading and handling operations.

With the development of productivity, the degree of mechanization of loading, unloading, and handling will continue to improve. In addition, mechanization of loading, unloading, and handling can liberate workers from heavy manual labor. Especially for dangerous goods loading and unloading operations, mechanization can guarantee the safety of people and goods, and is also the power of increasing mechanization degree of loading, unloading, and handling.

(iv) promoting combined handling and handling

In the process of loading, unloading, and handling operations, different modes of loading and unloading operations are determined according to different types, properties, shapes and weights of materials. There are three ways to handle material loading, unloading, and handling: loading and unloading ordinary packaging materials one by one is called "block handling"; Loading and unloading the granular materials intact without small package is called "bulk handling". Loading and unloading of materials in pallets, containers, and containers is called "consolidation processing". As far as possible, the packaging materials should be processed in a centralized way to achieve unitized loading, unloading, and handling, which can make full use of machinery for operation. Combined handling has many advantages:

1. Large working unit and high efficiency can save a lot of time.

2. It can improve the flexibility of material handling.

3. Operating unit size is consistent and easy to standardize.

4. It can reach the effect of protecting materials without touching materials by hand.

To make reasonable plans for handling methods and handling operations

The process of loading, unloading, and handling operations refers to the reasonable arrangement of the continuity of the entire loading and unloading operations to reduce the distance and times of loading and unloading.

The plane layout of the loading, unloading, and handling operation site is a key factor directly related to the loading, unloading, and handling distance. There should be enough space for the assembly yard, and meet the requirements of loading, unloading, and handling machinery. The road layout in the yard should create good conditions for loading, unloading, and handling, which is conducive to accelerating the turnover of cargo space. It is an ideal method to minimize the loading, unloading, and handling distance.

To improve the continuity of loading, unloading, and handling operations, it is necessary to make reasonable connection of loading, unloading, and handling machinery on site. When different loading, unloading, and handling operations are used in connection with each other, their loading, unloading, and handling rates should be equal or close. Give full play to the role of handling and handling personnel, in the event of loading, unloading, and handling work obstacles or stagnation, immediately take effective measures to remedy.

Logistics solution

After the type of storage device is selected, the basic design is carried out. Each type of material rack is designed in different ways, but it is basically based on the estimated storage number, the number of channels needed to meet the storage quantity, and the specification of the storage system and its shape length, width and higher dimensions are calculated. The following will take the automatic storage system as an example to introduce the steps of its design, as shown in figure 1-52.

Figure 1-52 storage system (automatic storage) design steps

1) order the size and specification of the type required by the automatic warehouse, and the size can be obtained according to the following steps.

(a) first step:

Determine the physical size and weight of the goods to be stored in the rack (including the physical size of the pallet).

Maximum physical size of goods

1. Length (A) : ___________mm

2. Width (B) : ___________mm

3. Height (C) : ___________mm

4. Maximum weight of goods (D) : ___________kg (in terms of the whole pallet)

Figure 1-53 load automated warehouse specification requirements

Figure 1-54 dimensions of goods and pallets

(b) second step:

List the maximum amount of inventory required by the warehouse (in units of pallets) and consider annual growth rates. To determine the total number of pallets that the warehouse needs to store (E) : pallets

(c) step 3:

Determine the maximum space available to the warehouse.

(d) fourth step:

The maximum amount of storage required per hour is listed. The maximum number of storage boards in and out of the warehouse is directly related to the number of automatic access machines in the warehouse, and also affects the construction cost of the automatic warehouse. Maximum throughput per hour for warehouse (F) : pallet/hour

(e) step 5:

Determine the number of access machines and rack rows required for automatic warehouse. Before determining the number of automatic warehouse access machines, it is necessary to understand the standard out-of-warehouse capacity of each machine. The so-called standard out-of-warehouse capacity refers to the number of times that the access machine is stored or out of the warehouse in an hour. The formula is as follows:

1. N = 3600 / T

2. N = standard warehousing capacity (times/hour)

3. T = standard actuation time (seconds)

The so-called standard actuation time refers to the time required for the storage (or outbound) power of the access machine, which is explained in the following three cases.

(1) standard operating time for warehousing and inventory

Base -- receiving -- shelf center -- inventory -- return to base. Time required for this process.

(2) standard operating time for delivery and delivery

Base [5meifen] center [5meifen] pick up the goods base [5meifen] unload.

(3) standard operating time for both warehousing and delivery

Take the goods take the goods take the stock unload the length and height of the shelf take the goods take the goods Time required for this process.

he center of the rack is defined as :(the width or height of each rack) x (Y/2+1), Y = the number of longitudinal or height of the rack lattice (this formula can be used in both directions of longitudinal and height of the rack).

The standard operating time is related to the speed and distance of the access machine and the performance of the products produced by the automatic warehousing and manufacturing plant. The calculation methods listed below are approximate values for general engineers' reference. Please contact professional engineer for correct calculation method. The time points are defined as follows:

4. Receiving or inventory time = (fork distance/fork speed) x 2+

5. Walk to the center of material rack time:

It is necessary to compare the walking speed and the lifting speed when the access machine moves towards the center of the feeding rack. When the walking speed and the lifting speed are simultaneous, it is possible for one to reach the position first while the other is still in motion.

Based on the standard actuating time (T) and the standard warehousing capacity (N), the formula to determine the number of access machines and rack rows is as follows:

Number of warehouse access machines (G) = F/N

F = the maximum number of inbound and outbound pallets required per hour for the warehouse

N = standard warehousing capability

Number of rack rows in warehouse (Z) = G * 2

G = number of access machines in the warehouse

(f) step 6:

The height of the warehouse rack (J) (mm) = (C+K) x M

C = maximum height of goods containing pallet (mm)

K = interleaved operating margin (mm)

M = vertical grid number of material rack

(g) step 7:

System height (P) = J+Tu+Td

J = height of stock rack for storage pallets (mm)

Tu = clearance height from top of load to roof, generally 600mm

Td = operating margin at the bottom of the fork structure of the access machine, usually 750 mm

(h) step 8:

Determine the length of each rack, and the length of each rack (Q) (mm) = R * S

R = rack width (mm) = B+100 (mm) + (75mm x 2)

B = pallet width

S = number of frames per row

E = the number of total pallets that the warehouse needs to store

G = number of access machines in the warehouse

M = vertical grid number of material rack

(I) step 9:

The total length of the system is going to be Q plus T plus U

Q = the length of each rack

T = length of both ends of the access machine outside the material rack (including the part of the inlet and outlet platform) about 7.5m

U = length occupied by special equipment. Example: the mobile space of the stacker, the space occupied by peripheral equipment.

(j) step 10:

Determine the full system width, the full system width

V = W X X

W = channel unit width (mm)

X = number of channel units

(k) step 11:

The installation of fire detection and fire protection system shall be determined according to the characteristics of storage in the warehouse and the provisions of the national labor safety and health law.

(l) step 12:

Decide whether to set peripheral equipment. There are many kinds of equipment used for automatic warehouse external connection. Choosing appropriate peripheral equipment can reduce the operation cost of automatic warehouse.

1. Stacking machine.

2. Automatic stack stacker (Palletizer)

3. Automatic stack dump machine (de-palletizer).

Driverless van (AGVS).

Various conveyors.